Understand aging in pets, ensuring your dog or cat’s health and quality of life are enhanced for comfortable and meaningful later years.
Aging is something every living being goes through, including our dogs and cats as well as ourselves. But what precisely is aging, and what are the different ways it can affect our animals? More importantly, understanding aging in pets can shift how we care for them and make the final stages of life less difficult and painful for both ourselves and our four-legged companions.
Every Animal’s Experience is Unique
Many of us associate aging with increased illness, weakness and debilitation, but advancing years do not, in and of themselves, lead to specific physical changes in every dog or cat. We’ve all seen animals in their upper teens with bright eyes and a joyful energy that seem to bely the number of birthdays they’ve had. Conversely, of course, many older animals are dealing with failing organs or other disease states. Common concerns in aging animals include difficulties with mobility, chronic pain and illness, personality changes, and cognitive decline. But are these issues really due to how old the dog or cat is?
Environmental chemicals contribute to “age related” issues
During my time as a veterinarian, the age of a “senior” dog or cat dropped from over 12 to below eight. This is certainly not due to a sudden epidemic of rapid aging in animals. A combination of nutritional and environmental stressors has led to a situation in which animals show symptoms we have defined as age related, when perhaps they are simply a sign of a reduced ability to manage the current conditions of life.
It is no secret that our environment exposes us to many more chemicals than it did 30 years ago. Some of these chemicals include agricultural residues, artificial scents in laundry soaps and body products, or flame retardants in our homes. No one can say for certain what the effects of this stew of chemicals are because each safety study focuses on a single chemical with a short exposure time, rather than a combination of chemicals with an exposure duration of years or a lifetime. Although the popular saying claims “correlation does not equal causation”, the number of chronic disease states continues to grow as more chemicals are introduced into home environments or as residues in diet.
Point to ponder: Perhaps we can combat aging by simplifying the chemicals used in the home, and choosing diets with ingredients sourced from organic farms, or those that use fewer agricultural chemicals.
Managing Aging in Pets for Better Quality of Life
But what about dogs and cats that have already lived a decade or so within the above parameters and are now facing health challenges? Understanding aging in pets can guide us in several ways to ease the aging process and the health problems that often (though not always!) accompany it.
1. Putting a plan in place
When a client comes to me well ahead of the actual deterioration of their dog or cat, I tell them to begin deciding on the right medical approach for their family. This can be driven by circumstances such as finances, religious beliefs, and the willingness of the dog or cat to be treated in the first place.
Point to ponder: Having a loose plan in place can help alleviate fear of the future and allows the focus to be redirected to your animal’s present needs.
2. Growing allopathic and alternative treatment options
The veterinary profession continues expanding to offer better medical options for the majority of disease states, and these come close to matching those offered by human medicine. They can help maintain an aging dog or cat’s well-being and quality of life much longer than in the past.
We have both allopathic and alternative options for pain and disease management, anxiety treatment, and mobility assistance at our disposal. Pharmaceutical, herbal, homeopathic, electromagnetic, vibrational, energetic and structural modalities are also available. Adhering too tightly to any single paradigm does not create the best outcome; using several different approaches often yields more complete results with fewer adverse effects.
Because it is virtually impossible to access every option from a single practitioner or hospital, having a team that includes your regular veterinarian, an integrative or holistic vet, boarded specialists, and rehabilitation practitioners creates wonderful outcomes for aging animals. Sometimes an animal parent will work simultaneously with several different modalities, or move from one to the next as their dog or cat’s needs change.
Point to ponder: While many treatments need to be done in the hospital or clinic setting, many can be done at home, thereby increasing treatment frequency while reducing overall cost of care.
Discussing what you envision for your aging animal’s care, and what options are available, starts with the veterinarian you see for routine physical exams. If they do not have the tools you are looking for, let them know you would like a team approach and ask for local referral options.
3. Euthanasia decisions for aging pets
When is enough enough? The answer is a moving target that’s different for every family and every animal. Euthanasia is an important option when the dog or cat is clearly suffering and there are no ways left to alleviate that suffering.
As a veterinary practitioner, I was taught we should always reach for humane euthanasia, almost as if a natural death was a terrible thing. However, I have had more than one client inform me they had no intention of euthanizing their dogs or cats, and wanted my assistance keeping the animals comfortable to the natural end of life. I was very judgmental with these first few clients, but after watching them graciously support their animals until they passed on their own, I gained a new appreciation of the particular gift that comes with caring for a dog or cat at the end of life. I was also surprised by how gentle and easy a natural death could be.
If you make a decision to euthanize your dog or cat, start by discussing it with your regular veterinarian. If they have had a years-long relationship with you and your animal, they will want to be a part of this final stage of the relationship.
Point to ponder: Some clinics offer in-home euthanasia, which can reduce the stress of a final car ride for animals that don’t like the car.
The senior years of your dog or cat’s life are a time to reflect on the wonderful experience you’ve shared with him. The journey through this end-of-life stage can be challenging, and ultimately painful when he passes – but it’s also full of love as you honor him with your caregiving efforts. Approaching an aging animal’s final phase of life with an open heart and mind can bring grace and comfort to both you and your beloved companion.
Changing your perspective on aging and death
The last years of a dog or cat’s life present particular concerns and challenges when it comes to healthcare and quality of life. But with an optimistic and appreciative approach, it can also be a time where your relationship with your companion animal deepens as he teaches you about end-of-life care.
Many people begin the process of grieving for their dogs or cats months to years before they are actually faced with either euthanasia or a natural death. This grief arises from a fear of what is to come, both in the lives of their animals, as well as in their own lives after the dog or cat has passed. I have encountered deep anxiety among my clients and colleagues about how long to support a dog or cat in advanced age, and what specific steps should be taken. I believe this anxiety stems from a fear of losing control over exactly how and when a beloved animal companion will pass. I have even seen clients and colleagues choose euthanasia at a point when the dog or cat was still clearly engaged in life, in order to be able to gain a sense of control over a disease state or condition.
But what if we approached the end of life as a joyous culmination of a beautiful relationship? Understanding aging in pets from this perspective can shift how we care for them and make the final stages of life less difficult and painful for both ourselves and our four-legged companions. I feel this perspective helps ease our fears and brings comfort as we honor the wonderful beings that shared their lives with us.
Culturally speaking we don’t like to look at death. Our senior relatives are often put elsewhere, such as nursing homes or hospitals, to live out their final months or years. We rationalize it by saying we don’t have the time, or capacity, to properly care for them — and this is absolutely true. But we have also created a society that fears death and does not want to engage with it.
In veterinary medicine, we often pride ourselves on being more humane because we have the legal ability to end suffering. Too often, however, I have noticed it’s the animal parent’s suffering that is being treated by the euthanasia as much as (if not more than) the animal’s. As a veterinarian, I do my best to guide animal parents in both the physical and emotional needs of their aging dogs and cats, but also towards an awareness of the emotional triggers that may be guiding their decision-making.
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Ayse Washington, DVM, CCRP, CVMMP
